A decision made by a judge in a court about whether someone is guilty or not and what the punishment should be.
About Judgment
Concept in Scripture closely related to the concept of God’s justice. In all his relationships God acts justly and morally. Human beings, created by God, have a moral dimension, so that they may positively respond to God’s righteous demands in their lives. Divine judgment, involving God’s approval or disapproval upon each human act, is a natural consequence of the Creator-creature relationship. Thus judgment, simply defined, is the divine response to human activity. God the Creator must also be God the Judge. Since God is just, he responds with either punishment or reward to what each person does. A human’s moral accountability to God (a quality not shared by the rest of creation) is an essential ingredient of being created in God’s image. Creation in the divine image means that God and man can communicate with each other in such a way that all people are able to understand God’s moral requirements and willingly respond to them. Among the various positive commands given to people in his original creation—including marriage, the subduing of the earth, and enjoyment of the Garden of Eden—was the negative command prohibiting the eating of the fruit from one tree. Defiance of this prohibition carried the threat of death as punishment (Gn 2:16–17). Genesis 3 contains the account of God’s first judgment, the one against Adam. He was punished by death since he had not lived within the moral regulations set by God (3:17–19). In a purely technical sense, judgment includes God’s approval upon acts that please him; more frequently, judgment is understood negatively in the sense that God punishes those who violate his commands. Since the fall, all human activity stands under God’s negative judgment (Rom 2:12).
The Christian idea of the atonement, that Christ died for sin in the place of man, depends on the premise that God holds humans accountable for their sins. But God sent his Son to deal with this problem. The Son willingly placed himself under God’s judgment, and in people’s place he received the divine punishment (Gal 3:13). Christ’s death for sin may therefore be considered the extreme manifestation of divine judgment. God as judge visits upon the soul of Christ in his crucifixion the total divine judgment against sin.
Key References
But I tell you that men will give an account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken.
Furthermore, the Father judges no one, but has assigned all judgment to the Son,
And we know that God’s judgment against those who do such things is based on truth.
For judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment.
All Scripture References (70)
Matthew (13)
You have heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘Do not murder’ and ‘Anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’
But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, ‘Raca,’ will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be subject to the fire of hell.
For with the same judgment you pronounce, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.
Truly I tell you, it will be more bearable for Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town.
But I tell you, it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you.
But I tell you that it will be more bearable for Sodom on the day of judgment than for you.”
“Here is My Servant, whom I have chosen, My beloved, in whom My soul delights. I will put My Spirit on Him, and He will proclaim justice to the nations.
A bruised reed He will not break, and a smoldering wick He will not extinguish, till He leads justice to victory.
But I tell you that men will give an account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken.
The men of Nineveh will stand at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and now One greater than Jonah is here.
The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and now One greater than Solomon is here.
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You pay tithes of mint, dill, and cumin. But you have disregarded the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former.
You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape the sentence of hell?
Mark (1)
They defraud widows of their houses, and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation.”
Luke (7)
But it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you.
The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and now One greater than Solomon is here.
The men of Nineveh will stand at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and now One greater than Jonah is here.
Woe to you Pharisees! For you pay tithes of mint, rue, and every herb, but you disregard justice and the love of God. You should have practiced the latter without neglecting the former.
They defraud widows of their houses, and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation.”
But the other one rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same judgment?
Our chief priests and rulers delivered Him up to the sentence of death, and they crucified Him.
John (11)
And this is the verdict: The Light has come into the world, but men loved the darkness rather than the Light because their deeds were evil.
Furthermore, the Father judges no one, but has assigned all judgment to the Son,
Truly, truly, I tell you, whoever hears My word and believes Him who sent Me has eternal life and will not come under judgment. Indeed, he has crossed over from death to life.
And He has given Him authority to execute judgment, because He is the Son of Man.
and come out—those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment.
Stop judging by outward appearances, and start judging justly.”
But even if I do judge, My judgment is true, because I am not alone; I am with the Father who sent Me.
Then Jesus declared, “For judgment I have come into this world, so that the blind may see and those who see may become blind.”
Now judgment is upon this world; now the prince of this world will be cast out.
And when He comes, He will convict the world in regard to sin and righteousness and judgment:
and in regard to judgment, because the prince of this world has been condemned.
Acts (1)
As Paul expounded on righteousness, self-control, and the coming judgment, Felix became frightened and said, “You may go for now. When I find the time, I will call for you.”
Romans (6)
And we know that God’s judgment against those who do such things is based on truth.
So when you, O man, pass judgment on others, yet do the same things, do you think you will escape God’s judgment?
Why not say, as some slanderously claim that we say, “Let us do evil that good may result”? Their condemnation is deserved!
Again, the gift is not like the result of the one man’s sin: The judgment that followed one sin brought condemnation, but the gift that followed many trespasses brought justification.
O, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments, and untraceable His ways!
Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves.
1 Corinthians (3)
The very fact that you have lawsuits among you means that you are thoroughly defeated already. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be cheated?
For anyone who eats and drinks without recognizing the body eats and drinks judgment on himself.
If anyone is hungry, he should eat at home, so that when you come together it will not result in judgment. And when I come, I will give instructions about the remaining matters.
Galatians (1)
I am confident in the Lord that you will take no other view. The one who is troubling you will bear the judgment, whoever he may be.
2 Thessalonians (1)
All this is clear evidence of God’s righteous judgment. And so you will be counted worthy of the kingdom of God, for which you are suffering.
1 Timothy (3)
He must not be a recent convert, or he may become conceited and fall under the same condemnation as the devil.
and thus will incur judgment because they are setting aside their first faith.
The sins of some men are obvious, going ahead of them to judgment; but the sins of others do not surface until later.
Hebrews (3)
instruction about baptisms, the laying on of hands, the resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment.
Just as man is appointed to die once, and after that to face judgment,
but only a fearful expectation of judgment and of raging fire that will consume all adversaries.
James (2)
For judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment.
Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, because you know that we who teach will be judged more strictly.
1 Peter (1)
For it is time for judgment to begin with the family of God; and if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who disobey the gospel of God?
2 Peter (5)
In their greed, these false teachers will exploit you with deceptive words. The longstanding verdict against them remains in force, and their destruction does not sleep.
For if God did not spare the angels when they sinned, but cast them deep into hell, placing them in chains of darkness to be held for judgment;
if all this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials and to hold the unrighteous for punishment on the day of judgment.
Yet not even angels, though greater in strength and power, dare to bring such slanderous charges against them before the Lord.
And by that same word, the present heavens and earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.
1 John (1)
In this way, love has been perfected among us, so that we may have confidence on the day of judgment; for in this world we are just like Him.
Jude (4)
For certain men have crept in among you unnoticed—ungodly ones who were designated long ago for condemnation. They turn the grace of our God into a license for immorality, and they deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.
And the angels who did not stay within their own domain but abandoned their proper dwelling—these He has kept in eternal chains under darkness, bound for judgment on that great day.
But even the archangel Michael, when he disputed with the devil over the body of Moses, did not presume to bring a slanderous charge against him, but said, “The Lord rebuke you!”
to execute judgment on everyone, and to convict all the ungodly of every ungodly act of wickedness and every harsh word spoken against Him by ungodly sinners.”
Revelation (7)
And he said in a loud voice, “Fear God and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment has come. Worship the One who made the heavens and the earth and the sea and the springs of waters.”
And I heard the altar reply: “Yes, Lord God Almighty, true and just are Your judgments.”
Then one of the seven angels with the seven bowls came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the punishment of the great prostitute, who sits on many waters.
In fear of her torment, they will stand at a distance and cry out: “Woe, woe to the great city, the mighty city of Babylon! For in a single hour your judgment has come.”
Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you saints and apostles and prophets, because God has pronounced for you His judgment against her.
For His judgments are true and just. He has judged the great prostitute who corrupted the earth with her immorality. He has avenged the blood of His servants that was poured out by her hand.”
Then I saw the thrones, and those seated on them had been given authority to judge. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their testimony of Jesus and for the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark on their foreheads or hands. And they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.