Sabbath

A special day to rest from work and focus on God.

About Sabbath

Derivation of a Hebrew word that means “cease” or “desist.” The Sabbath was a day (from Friday evening until Saturday evening in Jesus’ time) when all ordinary work stopped. The Scriptures relate that God gave his people the Sabbath as an opportunity to serve him and as a reminder of two great truths in the Bible—Creation and redemption.

The relationship between Creation and the Sabbath is first expressed in Genesis 2:2–3. God “ceased” his work in Creation after six days and then “blessed” the seventh day and “declared it holy.” In the fourth commandment (Ex 20:8–11), God’s “blessing” and “setting aside” of the seventh day after Creation (the words used are the same as those in Genesis) form the basis of his demand that people should observe the seventh day as a day of Sabbath rest.

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God’s Sabbath Rest Theme

The idea of God's Sabbath rest (as described in Hebrews 4:1–11 ) has been difficult for many scholars to understand. It includes ideas from the Old Testament, like the promised...

Key References

Exodus 20:8

Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy.

Leviticus 23:3

For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, a day of sacred assembly. You must not do any work; wherever you live, it is a Sabbath to the LORD.

Isaiah 58:13

If you turn your foot from breaking the Sabbath, from doing as you please on My holy day, if you call the Sabbath a delight, and the LORD’s holy day honorable, if you honor it by not going your own way or seeking your own pleasure or speaking idle words,

Hebrews 4:9

There remains, then, a Sabbath rest for the people of God.

All Scripture References (143)

Exodus (13)
Exodus 16:23

He told them, “This is what the LORD has said: ‘Tomorrow is to be a day of complete rest, a holy Sabbath to the LORD. So bake what you want to bake, and boil what you want to boil. Then set aside whatever remains and keep it until morning.’”

Exodus 16:25

“Eat it today,” Moses said, “because today is a Sabbath to the LORD. Today you will not find anything in the field.

Exodus 16:26

For six days you may gather, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, it will not be there.”

Exodus 16:29

Understand that the LORD has given you the Sabbath; that is why on the sixth day He will give you bread for two days. On the seventh day, everyone must stay where he is; no one may leave his place.”

Exodus 20:8

Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy.

Exodus 20:10

but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God, on which you must not do any work—neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant or livestock, nor the foreigner within your gates.

Exodus 20:11

For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth and the sea and all that is in them, but on the seventh day He rested. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and set it apart as holy.

Exodus 31:13

“Tell the Israelites, ‘Surely you must keep My Sabbaths, for this will be a sign between Me and you for the generations to come, so that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you.

Exodus 31:14

Keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you. Anyone who profanes it must surely be put to death. Whoever does any work on that day must be cut off from among his people.

Exodus 31:15

For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to the LORD. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day must surely be put to death.

Exodus 31:16

The Israelites must keep the Sabbath, celebrating it as a permanent covenant for the generations to come.

Exodus 35:2

For six days work may be done, but the seventh day shall be your holy day, a Sabbath of complete rest to the LORD. Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death.

Exodus 35:3

Do not light a fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day.”

Leviticus (18)
Leviticus 16:31

It is a Sabbath of complete rest for you, that you may humble yourselves; it is a permanent statute.

Leviticus 19:3

Each of you must respect his mother and father, and you must keep My Sabbaths. I am the LORD your God.

Leviticus 19:30

You must keep My Sabbaths and have reverence for My sanctuary. I am the LORD.

Leviticus 23:3

For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, a day of sacred assembly. You must not do any work; wherever you live, it is a Sabbath to the LORD.

Leviticus 23:11

And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD so that it may be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath.

Leviticus 23:15

From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, you are to count off seven full weeks.

Leviticus 23:16

You shall count off fifty days until the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to the LORD.

Leviticus 23:32

It will be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to keep your Sabbath.”

Leviticus 23:38

These offerings are in addition to the offerings for the LORD’s Sabbaths, and in addition to your gifts, to all your vow offerings, and to all the freewill offerings you give to the LORD.

Leviticus 24:8

Every Sabbath day the bread is to be set out before the LORD on behalf of the Israelites as a permanent covenant.

Leviticus 25:2

“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you enter the land that I am giving you, the land itself must observe a Sabbath to the LORD.

Leviticus 25:4

But in the seventh year there shall be a Sabbath of complete rest for the land—a Sabbath to the LORD. You are not to sow your field or prune your vineyard.

Leviticus 25:6

Whatever the land yields during the Sabbath year shall be food for you—for yourself, your manservant and maidservant, the hired hand or foreigner who stays with you,

Leviticus 25:8

And you shall count off seven Sabbaths of years—seven times seven years—so that the seven Sabbaths of years amount to forty-nine years.

Leviticus 26:2

You must keep My Sabbaths and have reverence for My sanctuary. I am the LORD.

Leviticus 26:34

Then the land shall enjoy its Sabbaths all the days it lies desolate, while you are in the land of your enemies. At that time the land will rest and enjoy its Sabbaths.

Leviticus 26:35

As long as it lies desolate, the land will have the rest it did not receive during the Sabbaths when you lived in it.

Leviticus 26:43

For the land will be abandoned by them, and it will enjoy its Sabbaths by lying desolate without them. And they will pay the penalty for their iniquity, because they rejected My ordinances and abhorred My statutes.

Numbers (3)
Numbers 15:32

While the Israelites were in the wilderness, a man was found gathering wood on the Sabbath day.

Numbers 28:9

On the Sabbath day, present two unblemished year-old male lambs, accompanied by a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, as well as a drink offering.

Numbers 28:10

This is the burnt offering for every Sabbath, in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering.

Deuteronomy (3)
Deuteronomy 5:12

Observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy, as the LORD your God has commanded you.

Deuteronomy 5:14

but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God, on which you must not do any work—neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant, nor your ox or donkey or any of your livestock, nor the foreigner within your gates, so that your manservant and maidservant may rest as you do.

Deuteronomy 5:15

Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and that the LORD your God brought you out of there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. That is why the LORD your God has commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.

2 Kings (5)
2 Kings 4:23

“Why would you go to him today?” he replied. “It is not a New Moon or a Sabbath.” “Everything is all right,” she said.

2 Kings 11:5

and commanded them, “This is what you are to do: A third of you who come on duty on the Sabbath shall guard the royal palace,

2 Kings 11:7

the two divisions that would go off duty on the Sabbath are to guard the house of the LORD for the king.

2 Kings 11:9

So the commanders of hundreds did everything that Jehoiada the priest had ordered. Each of them took his men—those coming on duty on the Sabbath and those going off duty—and came to Jehoiada the priest.

2 Kings 16:18

And on account of the king of Assyria, he removed the Sabbath canopy they had built in the temple and closed the royal entryway outside the house of the LORD.

1 Chronicles (2)
1 Chronicles 9:32

Some of their Kohathite relatives were responsible for preparing the rows of the showbread every Sabbath.

1 Chronicles 23:31

Whenever burnt offerings were presented to the LORD on the Sabbaths, New Moons, and appointed feasts, they were to serve regularly before the LORD in the numbers prescribed for them.

2 Chronicles (6)
2 Chronicles 2:3

Then Solomon sent word to Hiram king of Tyre: “Do for me as you did for my father David when you sent him cedars to build himself a house to live in.

2 Chronicles 8:13

He observed the daily requirement for offerings according to the commandment of Moses for Sabbaths, New Moons, and the three annual appointed feasts—the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks, and the Feast of Tabernacles.

2 Chronicles 23:4

This is what you are to do: A third of you priests and Levites who come on duty on the Sabbath shall keep watch at the doors,

2 Chronicles 23:8

So the Levites and all Judah did everything that Jehoiada the priest had ordered. Each of them took his men—those coming on duty on the Sabbath and those going off duty—for Jehoiada the priest had not released any of the divisions.

2 Chronicles 31:3

The king contributed from his own possessions for the regular morning and evening burnt offerings and for the burnt offerings on the Sabbaths, New Moons, and appointed feasts, as written in the Law of the LORD.

2 Chronicles 36:21

So the land enjoyed its Sabbath rest all the days of the desolation, until seventy years were completed, in fulfillment of the word of the LORD spoken through Jeremiah.

Nehemiah (10)
Nehemiah 9:14

You revealed to them Your holy Sabbath and gave them commandments and statutes and laws through Your servant Moses.

Nehemiah 10:32

We also place ourselves under the obligation to contribute a third of a shekel yearly for the service of the house of our God:

Nehemiah 10:34

We have cast lots among the priests, Levites, and people for the donation of wood by our families at the appointed times each year. They are to bring it to the house of our God to burn on the altar of the LORD our God, as it is written in the Law.

Nehemiah 13:15

In those days I saw people in Judah treading winepresses on the Sabbath and bringing in grain and loading it on donkeys, along with wine, grapes, and figs. All kinds of goods were being brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. So I warned them against selling food on that day.

Nehemiah 13:16

Additionally, men of Tyre who lived there were importing fish and all kinds of merchandise and selling them on the Sabbath to the people of Judah in Jerusalem.

Nehemiah 13:17

Then I rebuked the nobles of Judah and asked, “What is this evil you are doing—profaning the Sabbath day?

Nehemiah 13:18

Did not your forefathers do the same things, so that our God brought all this disaster on us and on this city? And now you are rekindling His wrath against Israel by profaning the Sabbath!”

Nehemiah 13:19

When the evening shadows began to fall on the gates of Jerusalem, just before the Sabbath, I ordered that the gates be shut and not opened until after the Sabbath. I posted some of my servants at the gates so that no load could enter on the Sabbath day.

Nehemiah 13:21

but I warned them, “Why are you camping in front of the wall? If you do it again, I will lay hands on you.” From that time on, they did not return on the Sabbath.

Nehemiah 13:22

Then I instructed the Levites to purify themselves and guard the gates in order to keep the Sabbath day holy. Remember me for this as well, O my God, and show me mercy according to Your abundant loving devotion.

Psalms (1)
Psalm 92:1

It is good to praise the LORD, and to sing praises to Your name, O Most High,

Isaiah (6)
Isaiah 1:13

Bring your worthless offerings no more; your incense is detestable to Me. New Moons, Sabbaths, and convocations—I cannot endure iniquity in a solemn assembly.

Isaiah 56:2

Blessed is the man who does this, and the son of man who holds it fast, who keeps the Sabbath without profaning it and keeps his hand from doing any evil.”

Isaiah 56:4

For this is what the LORD says: “To the eunuchs who keep My Sabbaths, who choose what pleases Me and hold fast to My covenant—

Isaiah 56:6

And the foreigners who join themselves to the LORD to minister to Him, to love the name of the LORD, and to be His servants—all who keep the Sabbath without profaning it and who hold fast to My covenant—

Isaiah 58:13

If you turn your foot from breaking the Sabbath, from doing as you please on My holy day, if you call the Sabbath a delight, and the LORD’s holy day honorable, if you honor it by not going your own way or seeking your own pleasure or speaking idle words,

Isaiah 66:23

From one New Moon to another and from one Sabbath to another, all mankind will come to worship before Me,” says the LORD.

Jeremiah (4)
Jeremiah 17:21

This is what the LORD says: Take heed for yourselves; do not carry a load or bring it through the gates of Jerusalem on the Sabbath day.

Jeremiah 17:22

You must not carry a load out of your houses or do any work on the Sabbath day, but you must keep the Sabbath day holy, just as I commanded your forefathers.

Jeremiah 17:24

If, however, you listen carefully to Me, says the LORD, and bring no load through the gates of this city on the Sabbath day, and keep the Sabbath day holy, and do no work on it,

Jeremiah 17:27

But if you do not listen to Me to keep the Sabbath day holy by not carrying a load while entering the gates of Jerusalem on the Sabbath day, then I will kindle an unquenchable fire in its gates to consume the citadels of Jerusalem.’”

Lamentations (1)
Lamentations 2:6

He has laid waste His tabernacle like a garden booth; He has destroyed His place of meeting. The LORD has made Zion forget her appointed feasts and Sabbaths. In His fierce anger He has despised both king and priest.

Ezekiel (15)
Ezekiel 20:12

I also gave them My Sabbaths as a sign between us, so that they would know that I am the LORD who sanctifies them.

Ezekiel 20:13

Yet the house of Israel rebelled against Me in the wilderness. They did not follow My statutes and they rejected My ordinances—though the man who does these things will live by them—and they utterly profaned My Sabbaths. Then I resolved to pour out My wrath upon them and put an end to them in the wilderness.

Ezekiel 20:16

because they kept rejecting My ordinances, refusing to walk in My statutes, and profaning My Sabbaths; for their hearts continually went after their idols.

Ezekiel 20:20

Keep My Sabbaths holy, that they may be a sign between us, so that you may know that I am the LORD your God.’

Ezekiel 20:21

But the children rebelled against Me. They did not walk in My statutes or carefully observe My ordinances—though the man who does these things will live by them—and they profaned My Sabbaths. So I resolved to pour out My wrath upon them and vent My anger against them in the wilderness.

Ezekiel 20:24

For they did not practice My ordinances, but they rejected My statutes and profaned My Sabbaths, fixing their eyes on the idols of their fathers.

Ezekiel 22:8

You have despised My holy things and profaned My Sabbaths.

Ezekiel 22:26

Her priests do violence to My law and profane My holy things. They make no distinction between the holy and the common, and they fail to distinguish between the clean and the unclean. They disregard My Sabbaths, so that I am profaned among them.

Ezekiel 23:38

They have also done this to Me: On that very same day, they defiled My sanctuary and profaned My Sabbaths.

Ezekiel 44:24

In any dispute, they shall officiate as judges and judge according to My ordinances. They must keep My laws and statutes regarding all My appointed feasts, and they must keep My Sabbaths holy.

Ezekiel 45:17

And it shall be the prince’s part to provide the burnt offerings, grain offerings, and drink offerings for the feasts, New Moons, and Sabbaths—for all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel. He will provide the sin offerings, grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.

Ezekiel 46:1

“This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘The gate of the inner court that faces east must be kept shut during the six days of work, but on the Sabbath day and on the day of the New Moon it shall be opened.

Ezekiel 46:3

On the Sabbaths and New Moons the people of the land are also to bow in worship before the LORD at the entrance to that gateway.

Ezekiel 46:4

The burnt offering that the prince presents to the LORD on the Sabbath day shall be six unblemished male lambs and an unblemished ram.

Ezekiel 46:12

When the prince makes a freewill offering to the LORD, whether a burnt offering or a peace offering, the gate facing east must be opened for him. He is to offer his burnt offering or peace offering just as he does on the Sabbath day. Then he shall go out, and the gate must be closed after he goes out.

Hosea (1)
Hosea 2:13

I will punish her for the days of the Baals when she burned incense to them, when she adorned herself with rings and jewelry, and went after her lovers. But Me she forgot,” declares the LORD.

Amos (1)
Amos 8:5

asking, “When will the New Moon be over, that we may sell grain? When will the Sabbath end, that we may market wheat? Let us reduce the ephah and increase the shekel; let us cheat with dishonest scales.

Matthew (9)
Matthew 12:1

At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pick the heads of grain and eat them.

Matthew 12:2

When the Pharisees saw this, they said to Him, “Look, Your disciples are doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath.”

Matthew 12:5

Or haven’t you read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple break the Sabbath and yet are innocent?

Matthew 12:8

For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

Matthew 12:10

and a man with a withered hand was there. In order to accuse Jesus, they asked Him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?”

Matthew 12:11

He replied, “If one of you has a sheep and it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will he not take hold of it and lift it out?

Matthew 12:12

How much more valuable is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.”

Matthew 24:20

Pray that your flight will not occur in the winter or on the Sabbath.

Matthew 28:1

After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to see the tomb.

Mark (9)
Mark 1:21

Then Jesus and His companions went to Capernaum, and right away Jesus entered the synagogue on the Sabbath and began to teach.

Mark 2:23

One Sabbath Jesus was passing through the grainfields, and His disciples began to pick the heads of grain as they walked along.

Mark 2:24

So the Pharisees said to Him, “Look, why are they doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath?”

Mark 2:27

Then Jesus declared, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath.

Mark 2:28

Therefore, the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath.”

Mark 3:2

In order to accuse Jesus, they were watching to see if He would heal on the Sabbath.

Mark 3:4

And He asked them, “Which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy it?” But they were silent.

Mark 6:2

When the Sabbath came, He began to teach in the synagogue, and many who heard Him were astonished. “Where did this man get these ideas?” they asked. “What is this wisdom He has been given? And how can He perform such miracles?

Mark 16:1

When the Sabbath was over, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices so they could go and anoint the body of Jesus.

Luke (17)
Luke 4:16

Then Jesus came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up. As was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath. And when He stood up to read,

Luke 4:31

Then He went down to Capernaum, a town in Galilee, and on the Sabbath He began to teach the people.

Luke 6:1

One Sabbath Jesus was passing through the grainfields, and His disciples began to pick the heads of grain, rub them in their hands, and eat them.

Luke 6:2

But some of the Pharisees asked, “Why are you doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath?”

Luke 6:5

Then Jesus declared, “The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

Luke 6:6

On another Sabbath Jesus entered the synagogue and was teaching, and a man was there whose right hand was withered.

Luke 6:7

Looking for a reason to accuse Jesus, the scribes and Pharisees were watching Him closely to see if He would heal on the Sabbath.

Luke 6:9

Then Jesus said to them, “I ask you, which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy it?”

Luke 13:10

One Sabbath Jesus was teaching in one of the synagogues,

Luke 13:14

But the synagogue leader was indignant that Jesus had healed on the Sabbath. “There are six days for work,” he told the crowd. “So come and be healed on those days and not on the Sabbath.”

Luke 13:15

“You hypocrites!” the Lord replied. “Does not each of you on the Sabbath untie his ox or donkey from the stall and lead it to water?

Luke 13:16

Then should not this daughter of Abraham, whom Satan has kept bound for eighteen long years, be released from her bondage on the Sabbath day?”

Luke 14:1

One Sabbath, Jesus went to eat in the home of a leading Pharisee, and those in attendance were watching Him closely.

Luke 14:3

So Jesus asked the experts in the law and the Pharisees, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath or not?”

Luke 14:5

And He asked them, “Which of you whose son or ox falls into a pit on the Sabbath day will not immediately pull him out?”

Luke 23:54

It was Preparation Day, and the Sabbath was beginning.

Luke 23:56

Then they returned to prepare spices and perfumes. And they rested on the Sabbath, according to the commandment.

John (9)
John 5:9

Immediately the man was made well, and he picked up his mat and began to walk. Now this happened on the Sabbath day,

John 5:10

so the Jews said to the man who had been healed, “This is the Sabbath! It is unlawful for you to carry your mat.”

John 5:16

Now because Jesus was doing these things on the Sabbath, the Jews began to persecute Him.

John 5:18

Because of this, the Jews tried all the harder to kill Him. Not only was He breaking the Sabbath, but He was even calling God His own Father, making Himself equal with God.

John 7:22

But because Moses gave you circumcision, you circumcise a boy on the Sabbath (not that it is from Moses, but from the patriarchs.)

John 7:23

If a boy can be circumcised on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses will not be broken, why are you angry with Me for making the whole man well on the Sabbath?

John 9:14

Now the day on which Jesus had made the mud and opened his eyes was a Sabbath.

John 9:16

Because of this, some of the Pharisees said, “This man is not from God, for He does not keep the Sabbath.” But others said, “How can a sinful man perform such signs?” And there was division among them.

John 19:31

It was the day of Preparation, and the next day was a High Sabbath. In order that the bodies would not remain on the cross during the Sabbath, the Jews asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies removed.

Acts (8)
Acts 13:14

And from Perga, they traveled inland to Pisidian Antioch, where they entered the synagogue on the Sabbath and sat down.

Acts 13:27

The people of Jerusalem and their rulers did not recognize Jesus, yet in condemning Him they fulfilled the words of the prophets that are read every Sabbath.

Acts 13:42

As Paul and Barnabas were leaving the synagogue, the people urged them to continue this message on the next Sabbath.

Acts 13:44

On the following Sabbath, nearly the whole city gathered to hear the word of the Lord.

Acts 15:21

For Moses has been proclaimed in every city from ancient times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath.”

Acts 16:13

On the Sabbath we went outside the city gate along the river, where it was customary to find a place of prayer. After sitting down, we spoke to the women who had gathered there.

Acts 17:2

As was his custom, Paul went into the synagogue, and on three Sabbaths he reasoned with them from the Scriptures,

Acts 18:4

Every Sabbath he reasoned in the synagogue, trying to persuade Jews and Greeks alike.

Colossians (1)
Colossians 2:16

Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath.

Hebrews (1)
Hebrews 4:9

There remains, then, a Sabbath rest for the people of God.