Stone Pine

A tree that can grow up to 10 meters tall, often has an umbrella-like shape, and produces edible seeds.

Stone pine
Stone pine (Serge Melki (Wikimedia Commons)) Stone pine

About Stone Pine

According to Tomson (1860, quoted by Zohary), the Stone Pine Pinus pinea, also known as the Pignolia or Piñon pine, was common in the coastal plain of Palestine in the 1800s. There were forests of them on the Aegean coast and in Lebanon. Israel now has only a few groves of them on Mount Carmel and on the coastal plain of Galilee, but they are plentiful in Lebanon, where people plant them for the tasty, oily seeds. Zohary suggests that the Hebrew word tirzah in ISA 44:14 could refer to the stone pine (“holm” [RSV ], “cypress” [NIV ], “plane” [NJPSV ], “fir” [GW ], “oak” [GNB ]). The r-z root betrays a possible relationship to the Hebrew word ’erez (“cedar”), and the first Arabic translation of the Bible (in the tenth century A.D.) used the Arabic equivalent of the stone pine.

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Key References

Isaiah 44:14

He cuts down cedars or retrieves a cypress or oak. He lets it grow strong among the trees of the forest. He plants a laurel, and the rain makes it grow.

All Scripture References (91)

Leviticus (1)
Leviticus 26:30

I will destroy your high places, cut down your incense altars, and heap your lifeless bodies on the lifeless remains of your idols; and My soul will despise you.

Numbers (1)
Numbers 33:52

you must drive out before you all the inhabitants of the land, destroy all their carved images and cast idols, and demolish all their high places.

Deuteronomy (1)
Deuteronomy 12:2

Destroy completely all the places where the nations you are dispossessing have served their gods—atop the high mountains, on the hills, and under every green tree.

1 Samuel (7)
1 Samuel 9:12

“Yes, he is ahead of you,” they answered. “Hurry now, for today he has come to the city because the people have a sacrifice on the high place.

1 Samuel 9:13

As soon as you enter the city, you will find him before he goes up to the high place to eat. The people will not eat until he comes, because he must bless the sacrifice; after that, the guests will eat. Go up at once; you will find him.”

1 Samuel 9:14

So Saul and his servant went up toward the city, and as they were entering it, there was Samuel coming toward them on his way up to the high place.

1 Samuel 9:19

“I am the seer,” Samuel replied. “Go up before me to the high place, for you shall eat with me today. And when I send you off in the morning, I will tell you all that is in your heart.

1 Samuel 9:25

And after they had come down from the high place into the city, Samuel spoke with Saul on the roof of his house.

1 Samuel 10:5

After that you will come to Gibeah of God, where the Philistines have an outpost. As you approach the city, you will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place, preceded by harps, tambourines, flutes, and lyres, and they will be prophesying.

1 Samuel 10:13

And when Saul had finished prophesying, he went up to the high place.

1 Kings (12)
1 Kings 3:2

The people, however, were still sacrificing on the high places because a house for the Name of the LORD had not yet been built.

1 Kings 3:3

And Solomon loved the LORD and walked in the statutes of his father David, except that he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places.

1 Kings 3:4

Now the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there, for it was the great high place. Solomon offered a thousand burnt offerings on the altar there.

1 Kings 11:7

At that time on a hill east of Jerusalem, Solomon built a high place for Chemosh the abomination of Moab and for Molech the abomination of the Ammonites.

1 Kings 12:31

Jeroboam also built shrines on the high places and appointed from every class of people priests who were not Levites.

1 Kings 12:32

And Jeroboam ordained a feast on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, like the feast that was in Judah, and he offered sacrifices on the altar; he made this offering in Bethel to sacrifice to the calves he had set up, and he installed priests in Bethel for the high places he had set up.

1 Kings 13:2

And he cried out against the altar by the word of the LORD, “O altar, O altar, this is what the LORD says: ‘A son named Josiah will be born to the house of David, and upon you he will sacrifice the priests of the high places who burn incense upon you, and human bones will be burned upon you.’”

1 Kings 13:32

for the message that he cried out by the word of the LORD against the altar in Bethel and against all the shrines on the high places in the cities of Samaria will surely come to pass.”

1 Kings 13:33

Even after these events, Jeroboam did not repent of his evil ways, but again he appointed priests for the high places from every class of people. He ordained anyone who desired to be a priest of the high places.

1 Kings 14:23

They also built for themselves high places, sacred pillars, and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree.

1 Kings 15:14

The high places were not removed, but Asa’s heart was fully devoted to the LORD all his days.

1 Kings 22:44

Jehoshaphat also made peace with the king of Israel.

2 Kings (20)
2 Kings 12:4

Then Joash said to the priests, “Collect all the money brought as sacred gifts into the house of the LORD—the census money, the money from vows, and the money brought voluntarily into the house of the LORD.

2 Kings 14:4

Nevertheless, the high places were not taken away, and the people continued sacrificing and burning incense on the high places.

2 Kings 15:4

Nevertheless, the high places were not taken away; the people continued sacrificing and burning incense there.

2 Kings 15:35

Nevertheless, the high places were not taken away; the people continued sacrificing and burning incense there. Jotham rebuilt the Upper Gate of the house of the LORD.

2 Kings 16:4

And he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree.

2 Kings 17:9

The Israelites secretly did things against the LORD their God that were not right. From watchtower to fortified city, they built high places in all their cities.

2 Kings 17:10

They set up for themselves sacred pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree.

2 Kings 17:11

They burned incense on all the high places like the nations that the LORD had driven out before them. They did wicked things, provoking the LORD to anger.

2 Kings 17:29

Nevertheless, the people of each nation continued to make their own gods in the cities where they had settled, and they set them up in the shrines that the people of Samaria had made on the high places.

2 Kings 17:32

So the new residents worshiped the LORD, but they also appointed for themselves priests of all sorts to serve in the shrines of the high places.

2 Kings 18:4

He removed the high places, shattered the sacred pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles. He also demolished the bronze snake called Nehushtan that Moses had made, for up to that time the Israelites had burned incense to it.

2 Kings 18:22

But if you say to me, ‘We trust in the LORD our God,’ is He not the One whose high places and altars Hezekiah has removed, saying to Judah and Jerusalem: ‘You must worship before this altar in Jerusalem’?

2 Kings 21:3

For he rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had destroyed, and he raised up altars for Baal. He made an Asherah pole, as King Ahab of Israel had done, and he worshiped and served all the host of heaven.

2 Kings 23:5

Josiah also did away with the idolatrous priests ordained by the kings of Judah to burn incense on the high places of the cities of Judah and in the places all around Jerusalem—those who had burned incense to Baal, to the sun and moon, to the constellations, and to all the host of heaven.

2 Kings 23:8

Then Josiah brought all the priests from the cities of Judah and desecrated the high places, from Geba to Beersheba, where the priests had burned incense. He tore down the high places of the gates at the entrance of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which was to the left of the city gate.

2 Kings 23:9

Although the priests of the high places did not come up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, they ate unleavened bread with their fellow priests.

2 Kings 23:13

The king also desecrated the high places east of Jerusalem, to the south of the Mount of Corruption, which King Solomon of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Sidonians, for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites.

2 Kings 23:15

He even pulled down the altar at Bethel, the high place set up by Jeroboam son of Nebat, who had caused Israel to sin. Then he burned the high place, ground it to powder, and burned the Asherah pole.

2 Kings 23:19

Just as Josiah had done at Bethel, so also in the cities of Samaria he removed all the shrines of the high places set up by the kings of Israel who had provoked the LORD to anger.

2 Kings 23:20

On the altars he slaughtered all the priests of the high places, and he burned human bones on them. Then he returned to Jerusalem.

1 Chronicles (2)
1 Chronicles 16:39

And David left Zadok the priest and his fellow priests before the tabernacle of the LORD at the high place in Gibeon

1 Chronicles 21:29

For the tabernacle of the LORD that Moses had made in the wilderness and the altar of burnt offering were presently at the high place in Gibeon,

2 Chronicles (17)
2 Chronicles 1:3

And Solomon and the whole assembly went to the high place at Gibeon because it was the location of God’s Tent of Meeting, which Moses the servant of the LORD had made in the wilderness.

2 Chronicles 1:13

So Solomon went to Jerusalem from the high place in Gibeon, from before the Tent of Meeting, and he reigned over Israel.

2 Chronicles 11:15

And Jeroboam appointed his own priests for the high places and for the goat demons and calf idols he had made.

2 Chronicles 14:2

And Asa did what was good and right in the eyes of the LORD his God.

2 Chronicles 14:4

He commanded the people of Judah to seek the LORD, the God of their fathers, and to observe the law and the commandments.

2 Chronicles 15:17

The high places were not removed from Israel, but Asa’s heart was fully devoted all his days.

2 Chronicles 17:6

And his heart took delight in the ways of the LORD; furthermore, he removed the high places and Asherah poles from Judah.

2 Chronicles 20:33

The high places, however, were not removed; the people had not yet set their hearts on the God of their fathers.

2 Chronicles 21:11

Jehoram had also built high places on the hills of Judah; he had caused the people of Jerusalem to prostitute themselves and had led Judah astray.

2 Chronicles 28:4

And he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree.

2 Chronicles 28:25

In every city of Judah he built high places to offer incense to other gods, and so he provoked the LORD, the God of his fathers.

2 Chronicles 31:1

When all this had ended, the Israelites in attendance went out to the cities of Judah and broke up the sacred pillars, chopped down the Asherah poles, and tore down the high places and altars throughout Judah and Benjamin, as well as in Ephraim and Manasseh, until they had utterly destroyed them all. Then all the Israelites returned to their cities, each to his own property.

2 Chronicles 32:12

Did not Hezekiah himself remove His high places and His altars and say to Judah and Jerusalem, ‘You must worship before one altar, and on it you shall burn sacrifices’?

2 Chronicles 33:3

For he rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had torn down, and he raised up altars for the Baals and made Asherah poles. And he worshiped and served all the host of heaven.

2 Chronicles 33:17

Nevertheless, the people still sacrificed at the high places, but only to the LORD their God.

2 Chronicles 33:19

His prayer and how God received his plea, as well as all his sin and unfaithfulness, and the sites where he built high places and set up Asherah poles and idols before he humbled himself, they are indeed written in the Records of the Seers.

2 Chronicles 34:3

In the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, Josiah began to seek the God of his father David, and in the twelfth year he began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem of the high places, the Asherah poles, the carved idols, and the cast images.

Psalms (5)
Psalm 37:35

I have seen a wicked, ruthless man flourishing like a well-rooted native tree,

Psalm 78:58

They enraged Him with their high places and provoked His jealousy with their idols.

Psalm 92:11

My eyes see the downfall of my enemies; my ears hear the wailing of my wicked foes.

Psalm 92:15

to proclaim, “The LORD is upright; He is my Rock, and in Him there is no unrighteousness.”

Song of Solomon (1)
Song of Solomon 1:16

How handsome you are, my beloved! Oh, how delightful! The soft grass is our bed.

Isaiah (5)
Isaiah 15:2

Dibon goes up to its temple to weep at its high places. Moab wails over Nebo, as well as over Medeba. Every head is shaved, every beard is cut off.

Isaiah 16:12

When Moab appears on the high place, when he wearies himself and enters his sanctuary to pray, it will do him no good.

Isaiah 36:7

But if you say to me, ‘We trust in the LORD our God,’ is He not the One whose high places and altars Hezekiah has removed, saying to Judah and Jerusalem, ‘You must worship before this altar’?

Isaiah 44:14

He cuts down cedars or retrieves a cypress or oak. He lets it grow strong among the trees of the forest. He plants a laurel, and the rain makes it grow.

Isaiah 57:5

who burn with lust among the oaks, under every luxuriant tree, who slaughter your children in the valleys, under the clefts of the rocks?

Jeremiah (10)
Jeremiah 2:20

“For long ago you broke your yoke and tore off your chains, saying, ‘I will not serve!’ Indeed, on every high hill and under every green tree you lay down as a prostitute.

Jeremiah 3:6

Now in the days of King Josiah, the LORD said to me, “Have you seen what faithless Israel has done? She has gone up on every high hill and under every green tree to prostitute herself there.

Jeremiah 3:13

Only acknowledge your guilt, that you have rebelled against the LORD your God. You have scattered your favors to foreign gods under every green tree and have not obeyed My voice,’” declares the LORD.

Jeremiah 7:31

They have built the high places of Topheth in the Valley of Ben-hinnom so they could burn their sons and daughters in the fire—something I never commanded, nor did it even enter My mind.

Jeremiah 11:16

The LORD once called you a flourishing olive tree, beautiful with well-formed fruit. But with a mighty roar He will set it on fire, and its branches will be consumed.

Jeremiah 17:2

Even their children remember their altars and Asherah poles by the green trees and on the high hills.

Jeremiah 17:8

He is like a tree planted by the waters that sends out its roots toward the stream. It does not fear when the heat comes, and its leaves are always green. It does not worry in a year of drought, nor does it cease to produce fruit.

Jeremiah 19:5

They have built high places to Baal on which to burn their children in the fire as offerings to Baal—something I never commanded or mentioned, nor did it even enter My mind.

Jeremiah 32:35

They have built the high places of Baal in the Valley of Ben-hinnom to make their sons and daughters pass through the fire to Molech—something I never commanded them, nor had it ever entered My mind, that they should commit such an abomination and cause Judah to sin.

Jeremiah 48:35

In Moab, declares the LORD, I will bring an end to those who make offerings on the high places and burn incense to their gods.

Ezekiel (5)
Ezekiel 6:3

You are to say: ‘O mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD! This is what the Lord GOD says to the mountains and hills, to the ravines and valleys: I am about to bring a sword against you, and I will destroy your high places.

Ezekiel 6:6

Wherever you live, the cities will be laid waste and the high places will be demolished, so that your altars will be laid waste and desecrated, your idols smashed and obliterated, your incense altars cut down, and your works blotted out.

Ezekiel 6:13

Then you will know that I am the LORD, when their slain lie among their idols around their altars, on every high hill, on all the mountaintops, and under every green tree and leafy oak—the places where they offered fragrant incense to all their idols.

Ezekiel 16:16

You took some of your garments and made colorful high places for yourself, and on them you prostituted yourself. Such things should not have happened; never should they have occurred!

Ezekiel 20:29

So I asked them: ‘What is this high place to which you go?’ (And to this day it is called Bamah.)

Hosea (2)
Hosea 10:8

The high places of Aven will be destroyed—it is the sin of Israel; thorns and thistles will overgrow their altars. Then they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” and to the hills, “Fall on us!”

Hosea 14:9

Whoever is wise, let him understand these things; whoever is discerning, let him know them. For the ways of the LORD are right, and the righteous walk in them but the rebellious stumble in them.

Amos (1)
Amos 7:9

The high places of Isaac will be deserted, and the sanctuaries of Israel will be laid waste; and I will rise up against the house of Jeroboam with My sword.”

Micah (1)
Micah 1:5

All this is for the transgression of Jacob and the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? Is it not Samaria? And what is the high place of Judah? Is it not Jerusalem?