Yoke

A wooden bar or frame used to join two animals at the neck so they can pull a load together, often symbolizing oppression.

Yoked oxen
Yoked oxen (© Wikimedia Commons) Yoke

About Yoke

The wooden bar that linked two (or more) draft animals so they could work together (Numbers 19:2; 1 Kings 19:19; Job 1:3). Besides its literal use, the Bible often uses the term metaphorically. It refers to work or bondage (Leviticus 26:13). Israel's own kings, not just foreign oppressors, applied the yoke of bondage (1 Kings 12:414; 2 Chronicles 10:414). In prophetic writings, the yoke of bondage was linked to divine judgment (Lamentations 1:14). So, deliverance was seen as God breaking the yoke that had enslaved Israel (Isaiah 9:4; 10:27; 14:25; 58:6; Jeremiah 2:20; 5:5). Jeremiah's dispute with Hananiah's prophecy was about the yoke of bondage. Hananiah claimed that Judah would soon be freed from Babylonian captivity (Jeremiah 27:811; 28:117).

In the New Testament, Jesus makes "yoke" a positive term. He asks people to take up his yoke, which is not burdensome. He will give them rest for their souls (Matthew 11:2930).

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The object itself Article

Form, use in ancient daily life, and how translators render the term.

Key References

Leviticus 26:13

I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt so that you would no longer be slaves to the Egyptians. I broke the bars of your yoke and enabled you to walk in uprightness.

1 Kings 12:4

“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

Matthew 11:29

Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls.

Acts 15:10

Now then, why do you test God by placing on the necks of the disciples a yoke that neither we nor our fathers have been able to bear?

All Scripture References (47)

Genesis (1)
Genesis 27:40

You shall live by the sword and serve your brother. But when you rebel, you will tear his yoke from your neck.”

Leviticus (1)
Leviticus 26:13

I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt so that you would no longer be slaves to the Egyptians. I broke the bars of your yoke and enabled you to walk in uprightness.

Numbers (1)
Numbers 19:2

“This is the statute of the law that the LORD has commanded: Instruct the Israelites to bring you an unblemished red heifer that has no defect and has never been placed under a yoke.

Deuteronomy (2)
Deuteronomy 21:3

Then the elders of the city nearest the victim shall take a heifer that has never been yoked or used for work,

Deuteronomy 28:48

you will serve your enemies the LORD will send against you in famine, thirst, nakedness, and destitution. He will place an iron yoke on your neck until He has destroyed you.

1 Samuel (1)
1 Samuel 6:7

Now, therefore, prepare one new cart with two milk cows that have never been yoked. Hitch the cows to the cart, but take their calves away and pen them up.

1 Kings (5)
1 Kings 12:4

“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

1 Kings 12:9

He asked them, “What message do you advise that we send back to these people who have spoken to me, saying, ‘Lighten the yoke your father put on us’?”

1 Kings 12:10

The young men who had grown up with him replied, “This is how you should answer these people who said to you, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you must make it lighter.’ This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist!

1 Kings 12:11

Whereas my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.’”

1 Kings 12:14

and spoke to them as the young men had advised, saying, “Whereas my father made your yoke heavy, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.”

2 Chronicles (5)
2 Chronicles 10:4

“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

2 Chronicles 10:9

He asked them, “What message do you advise that we send back to these people who have spoken to me, saying, ‘Lighten the yoke your father put on us’?”

2 Chronicles 10:10

The young men who had grown up with him replied, “This is how you should answer these people who said to you, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you must make it lighter.’ This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist!

2 Chronicles 10:11

Whereas my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.’”

2 Chronicles 10:14

and spoke to them as the young men had advised, saying, “Whereas my father made your yoke heavy, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.”

Isaiah (6)
Isaiah 9:3

You have enlarged the nation and increased its joy. The people rejoice before You as they rejoice at harvest time, as men rejoice in dividing the plunder.

Isaiah 10:27

On that day the burden will be lifted from your shoulders, and the yoke from your neck. The yoke will be broken because your neck will be too large.

Isaiah 14:25

I will break Assyria in My land; I will trample him on My mountain. His yoke will be taken off My people, and his burden removed from their shoulders.”

Isaiah 47:6

I was angry with My people; I profaned My heritage, and I placed them under your control. You showed them no mercy; even on the elderly you laid a most heavy yoke.

Isaiah 58:6

Isn’t this the fast that I have chosen: to break the chains of wickedness, to untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free and tear off every yoke?

Isaiah 58:9

Then you will call, and the LORD will answer; you will cry out, and He will say, ‘Here I am.’ If you remove the yoke from your midst, the pointing of the finger and malicious talk,

Jeremiah (14)
Jeremiah 2:20

“For long ago you broke your yoke and tore off your chains, saying, ‘I will not serve!’ Indeed, on every high hill and under every green tree you lay down as a prostitute.

Jeremiah 5:5

I will go to the powerful and speak to them. Surely they know the way of the LORD, the justice of their God.” But they too, with one accord, had broken the yoke and torn off the chains.

Jeremiah 27:2

This is what the LORD said to me: “Make for yourself a yoke out of leather straps and put it on your neck.

Jeremiah 27:8

As for the nation or kingdom that does not serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and does not place its neck under his yoke, I will punish that nation by sword and famine and plague, declares the LORD, until I have destroyed it by his hand.

Jeremiah 27:11

But the nation that will put its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon and serve him, I will leave in its own land, to cultivate it and reside in it, declares the LORD.”

Jeremiah 27:12

And to Zedekiah king of Judah I spoke the same message: “Put your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon; serve him and his people, and live!

Jeremiah 28:2

“This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon.

Jeremiah 28:4

And I will restore to this place Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, along with all the exiles from Judah who went to Babylon,’ declares the LORD, ‘for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon.’”

Jeremiah 28:10

Then the prophet Hananiah took the yoke off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet and broke it.

Jeremiah 28:11

And in the presence of all the people Hananiah proclaimed, “This is what the LORD says: ‘In this way, within two years I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon off the neck of all the nations.’” At this, Jeremiah the prophet went on his way.

Jeremiah 28:12

But shortly after Hananiah the prophet had broken the yoke off his neck, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:

Jeremiah 28:13

“Go and tell Hananiah that this is what the LORD says: ‘You have broken a yoke of wood, but in its place you have fashioned a yoke of iron.’

Jeremiah 28:14

For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘I have put a yoke of iron on the neck of all these nations to make them serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and they will serve him. I have even given him control of the beasts of the field.’”

Jeremiah 30:8

On that day, declares the LORD of Hosts, I will break the yoke off their necks and tear off their bonds, and no longer will strangers enslave them.

Lamentations (2)
Lamentations 1:14

My transgressions are bound into a yoke, knit together by His hand; they are draped over my neck, and the Lord has broken my strength. He has delivered me into the hands of those I cannot withstand.

Lamentations 3:27

It is good for a man to bear the yoke while he is still young.

Ezekiel (2)
Ezekiel 30:18

The day will be darkened in Tahpanhes when I break the yoke of Egypt and her proud strength comes to an end. A cloud will cover her, and her daughters will go into captivity.

Ezekiel 34:27

The trees of the field will give their fruit, and the land will yield its produce; My flock will be secure in their land. Then they will know that I am the LORD, when I have broken the bars of their yoke and delivered them from the hands that enslaved them.

Hosea (1)
Hosea 11:4

I led them with cords of kindness, with ropes of love; I lifted the yoke from their necks and bent down to feed them.

Nahum (1)
Nahum 1:13

For I will now break their yoke from your neck and tear away your shackles.”

Matthew (2)
Matthew 11:29

Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls.

Matthew 11:30

For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.”

Acts (1)
Acts 15:10

Now then, why do you test God by placing on the necks of the disciples a yoke that neither we nor our fathers have been able to bear?

Galatians (1)
Galatians 5:1

It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be encumbered once more by a yoke of slavery.

1 Timothy (1)
1 Timothy 6:1

All who are under the yoke of slavery should regard their masters as fully worthy of honor, so that God’s name and our teaching will not be discredited.