The Daughters of Zelophehad
Zelophehad’s lack of male heirs created an opportunity...
Zelophehad’s lack of male heirs created an opportunity to refine the inheritance laws, which would later be refined even further (cp. 36:1–13).
1Now the daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, belonged to the clans of Manasseh son of Joseph. These were the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. They approached 2the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, stood before Moses, Eleazar the priest, the leaders, and the whole congregation, and said,
Zelophehad had not been part of Korah’s rebellion...
Zelophehad had not been part of Korah’s rebellion (16:1–50); if he had been, his property rights would apparently have been voided (see 15:30; cp. 1 Kgs 21:7–16). Israelite society was patriarchal and patrilineal, tracing ancestry and property through the male line. Zelophehad had no sons, but his daughters wanted his family property rights to continue. Zelophehad’s daughters thus made a reasonable appeal for property rights equal to those of males.
3“Our father died in the wilderness, but he was not among the followers of Korah who gathered together against the LORD. Instead, he died because of his own sin, and he had no sons. 4Why should the name of our father disappear from his clan because he had no sons? Give us property among our father’s brothers.”
Moses took their case before the Lord, who...
Moses took their case before the Lord, who accepted the women’s appeal and established their case as a principle in order to preserve property within families.
5So Moses brought their case before the LORD, 6and the LORD answered him, 7“The daughters of Zelophehad speak correctly. You certainly must give them property as an inheritance among their father’s brothers and transfer their father’s inheritance to them.
8Furthermore, you shall say to the Israelites, ‘If a man dies and leaves no son, you are to transfer his inheritance to his daughter. 9If he has no daughter, give his inheritance to his brothers. 10If he has no brothers, give his inheritance to his father’s brothers. 11And if his father has no brothers, give his inheritance to the next of kin from his clan, that he may take possession of it. This is to be a statutory ordinance for the Israelites, as the LORD has commanded Moses.’”
Moses Requests a Successor
Israel would need leadership when they entered the...
Israel would need leadership when they entered the land of Canaan. Joshua was commissioned to succeed Moses.
12Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go up this mountain of the Abarim range† and see the land that I have given the Israelites. 13After you have seen it, you too will be gathered to your people, as your brother Aaron was; 14for when the congregation contended in the Wilderness of Zin, both of you rebelled against My command to show My holiness in their sight regarding the waters.” Those were the waters of Meribah† in Kadesh, in the Wilderness of Zin.
Israel was on the threshold of a long...
Israel was on the threshold of a long battle for Canaan; Moses did not want them to flounder without a leader or lose their way like sheep without a shepherd (cp. 1 Kgs 22:17; Ezek 34:5; Matt 9:36).
15So Moses appealed to the LORD, 16“May the LORD, the God of the spirits of all flesh, appoint a man over the congregation 17who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”
Joshua to Succeed Moses
Joshua had a solid background for the role...
- Joshua had a solid background for the role (cp. Exod 17:8–16). He had been Moses’ assistant for a long time (Num 11:28; cp. Exod 33:11). He was also one of the faithful spies (Num 13–14) who knew the people of Israel well. Joshua possessed the Spirit and recognized the special presence of God in his life (cp. 11:25–29). His relationship with God also gave him wisdom for the tasks ahead (e.g., Deut 34:9).
- lay your hands on him: This act symbolized the transfer of authority from an elder statesman to his assistant (cp. Num 8:10–14). Moses did this publicly so that Joshua’s leadership would be incontestable.
18And the LORD replied to Moses, “Take Joshua son of Nun, a man with the Spirit in him, and lay your hands on him. 19Have him stand before Eleazar the priest and the whole congregation, and commission him in their sight.
Joshua assumed only some of Moses’ authority. Moses...
Joshua assumed only some of Moses’ authority. Moses had face-to-face contact with God (12:6–8; Deut 34:10–12), but Joshua had only indirect access to revelation, since he had to consult with Eleazar the priest on important matters (Num 27:21; cp. Exod 28:30; Lev 8:8). Israel would keep military and spiritual leadership separate hereafter.
20Confer on him some of your authority, so that the whole congregation of Israel will obey him. 21He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who will seek counsel for him before the LORD by the judgment of the Urim.† At his command, he and all the Israelites with him—the entire congregation—will go out and come in.”
22Moses did as the LORD had commanded him. He took Joshua, had him stand before Eleazar the priest and the whole congregation, 23and laid his hands on him and commissioned him, as the LORD had instructed through Moses.