Paul Sails for Rome
The vivid nautical language used throughout the account...
- The vivid nautical language used throughout the account of Paul’s journey to Rome yields one of the best available accounts of an ancient sea voyage.
- This is the last “we” section in Acts (see also 16:10–17; 20:5–15; 21:1–18). During the two years of Paul’s imprisonment, Luke had probably done much of the research for his Gospel throughout Judea and Galilee. Here, as a member of Paul’s sailing party, he was an eyewitness participant in the danger at sea.
1When it was decided that we would sail for Italy, Paul and some other prisoners were handed over to a centurion named Julius, who belonged to the Imperial† Regiment. 2We boarded an Adramyttian ship about to sail for ports along the coast of Asia,† and we put out to sea. Aristarchus, a Macedonian from Thessalonica, was with us.
3The next day we landed at Sidon, and Julius treated Paul with consideration, allowing him to visit his friends and receive their care.
Luke describes in detail the sea voyage north...
- Luke describes in detail the sea voyage north and then west along the southern coast of Asia Minor.
- Myra was a regular stop for Egyptian grain ships bound for Italy.
4After putting out from there, we sailed to the lee of Cyprus because the winds were against us. 5And when we had sailed across the open sea off the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra in Lycia. 6There the centurion found an Alexandrian ship sailing for Italy and put us on board.
7After sailing slowly for many days, we arrived off Cnidus. When the wind impeded us, we sailed to the lee of Crete, opposite Salmone. 8After we had moved along the coast with difficulty, we came to a place called Fair Havens, near the town of Lasea.
9By now much time had passed, and the voyage had already become dangerous because it was after the Fast.† So Paul advised them,
Paul realized what would happen if they went...
Paul realized what would happen if they went on. He warned the ship’s officers, but they and the Roman officer were unlikely to listen to an imprisoned Jewish rabbi with no experience as a seaman. Later, however, they would respect him more (27:30–36, 42–43).
10“Men, I can see that our voyage will be filled with disaster and great loss, not only to ship and cargo, but to our own lives as well.”
11But contrary to Paul’s advice, the centurion was persuaded by the pilot and by the owner of the ship. 12Since the harbor was unsuitable to winter in, the majority decided to sail on, hoping that somehow they could reach Phoenix to winter there. Phoenix was a harbor in Crete facing both southwest and northwest.
The Storm at Sea
13When a gentle south wind began to blow, they thought they had their opportunity. So they weighed anchor and sailed along, hugging the coast of Crete.
The storm, called a “northeaster,” was of typhoon...
The storm, called a “northeaster,” was of typhoon strength, very threatening to both the cargo and the crew. Forced to let the ship run before the gale, they sailed past a small island called Cauda (known today as Gaudos), south of Crete.
14But it was not long before a cyclone called the Northeaster swept down across the island. 15Unable to head into the wind, the ship was caught up. So we gave way and let ourselves be driven along.
16Passing to the lee of a small island called Cauda,† we barely managed to secure the lifeboat. 17After hoisting it up, the crew used ropes to undergird the ship. And fearing that they would run aground on the sandbars of Syrtis, they lowered the sea anchor† and were driven along.
The violence and persistence of the storm led...
The violence and persistence of the storm led to throwing the cargo overboard (cp. Jon 1:5) and the crew’s abandoning hope.
18We were tossed so violently that the next day the men began to jettison the cargo. 19On the third day, they threw the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands. 20When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days and the great storm continued to batter us, we abandoned all hope of being saved.
Paul addressed the crew, first scolding them for...
Paul addressed the crew, first scolding them for not listening to him (27:10–12) and then encouraging them with the angel’s assurance of survival for all of them.
21After the men had gone a long time without food, Paul stood up among them and said, “Men, you should have followed my advice not to sail from Crete. Then you would have averted this disaster and loss. 22But now I urge you to keep up your courage, because you will not experience any loss of life, but only of the ship. 23For just last night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve stood beside me 24and said, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar. And look, God has granted you the lives of all who sail with you.’
25So take courage, men, for I believe God that it will happen just as He told me. 26However, we must run aground on some island.”
The Shipwreck
27On the fourteenth night we were still being driven across the Adriatic Sea.† About midnight the sailors sensed they were approaching land. 28They took soundings and found that the water was twenty fathoms deep.† Going a little farther, they took another set of soundings that read fifteen fathoms.† 29Fearing that we would run aground on the rocks, they dropped four anchors from the stern and prayed for daybreak.
This time the soldiers listened to Paul (cp....
This time the soldiers listened to Paul (cp. 27:10–11).
30Meanwhile, the sailors attempted to escape from the ship. Pretending to lower anchors from the bow, they let the lifeboat down into the sea. 31But Paul said to the centurion and the soldiers, “Unless these men remain with the ship, you cannot be saved.” 32So the soldiers cut the ropes to the lifeboat and set it adrift.
Paul’s words and actions are those of a...
Paul’s words and actions are those of a true leader who personally assesses a perilous situation, decides on action, and leads others in solving the problem (cp. Neh 1–3; contrast Jon 1). Paul’s positive example and strong faith in God (Acts 27:22–25) encouraged the others to eat and take heart.
33Right up to daybreak, Paul kept urging them all to eat: “Today is your fourteenth day in constant suspense, without taking any food. 34So for your own preservation, I urge you to eat something, because not a single hair of your head will be lost.”
35After he had said this, Paul took bread and gave thanks to God in front of them all. Then he broke it and began to eat.
The food brought renewed strength and encouragement to...
- The food brought renewed strength and encouragement to the frightened and exhausted crew and prisoners.
- all 276 of us: The exact number of persons onboard fits well with what is known of grain ships of the period.
36They were all encouraged and took some food themselves. 37In all, there were 276† of us on board. 38After the men had eaten their fill, they lightened the ship by throwing the grain into the sea.
They ran the ship aground on a shoal...
They ran the ship aground on a shoal or reef.
39When daylight came, they did not recognize the land, but they sighted a bay with a sandy beach, where they decided to run the ship aground if they could. 40Cutting away the anchors, they left them in the sea as they loosened the ropes that held the rudders. Then they hoisted the foresail to the wind and made for the beach. 41But the ship struck a sandbar and ran aground. The bow stuck fast and would not move, and the stern was being broken up by the pounding of the waves.
Even in a crisis, the prisoners remained the...
Even in a crisis, the prisoners remained the responsibility of the soldiers (see 12:19; 16:27; 27:32; see study note on 16:27). Fortunately, the commanding officer intervened on their behalf. It was a clear indication of God’s protection and favor that all 276 people made it safely to shore, precisely fulfilling the angel’s promise (see 27:24).
42The soldiers planned to kill the prisoners so none of them could swim to freedom. 43But the centurion, wanting to spare Paul’s life, thwarted their plan. He commanded those who could swim to jump overboard first and get to land. 44The rest were to follow on planks and various parts of the ship. In this way everyone was brought safely to land.