ⓘThese lists of priests and Levites include those...
These lists of priests and Levites include those who originally returned from exile with Zerubbabel (Nehemiah 12:1–9), a chronological list of high priests (12:10–11), and the priests and Levites who served during Joiakim's time, the high priest during Nehemiah and Ezra's era (12:12–26).
ⓘpriests and Levites who went up with Zerubbabel...with...
priests and Levites who went up with Zerubbabel...with Jeshua: See Ezra 1:1–5. Only those who could prove their priestly lineage could serve at the temple. Therefore, maintaining an accurate genealogical record of these families was important.
1Now these are the priests and Levites who went up with Zerubbabel son of Shealtieland with Jeshua:
Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra,
2Amariah, Malluch,†Hattush,
3Shecaniah, Rehum,†Meremoth,
4Iddo, Ginnethon,†Abijah,
5Mijamin,†Maadiah,†Bilgah,†
6Shemaiah, Joiarib, Jedaiah,
7Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, and Jedaiah. These were the leaders of the priests and their associates in the days of Jeshua.
ⓘtheir associates, stood across: To perform antiphonal singing...
their associates, stood across: To perform antiphonal singing (a call-and-response style) as described in Nehemiah 12:24 and Ezra 3:1–11.
8The Levites wereJeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah, who, with his associates, led the songs of thanksgiving. 9Bakbukiahand Unni, their associates, stood across from them in the services.
ⓘJoiakim likely served during the early years of...
Joiakim likely served during the early years of Ezra's service.
Eliashib and Joiada served during Nehemiah's time (Nehemiah 3:1; 13:4, 28).
Jonathan: An Aramaic papyrus document from a Jewish colony in Elephantine, Egypt (around 410 BC). Josephus (Antiquities 11.5.4, AD 93) also mentions Jonathan serving after Nehemiah's time.
10Jeshua was the father of Joiakim, Joiakim was the father of Eliashib, Eliashibwas the father of Joiada,
11Joiada was the father of Jonathan,† and Jonathan was the father of Jaddua.
ⓘThis list was likely compiled when Joiakim was...
This list was likely compiled when Joiakim was the high priest (Nehemiah 12:12) to confirm the legitimacy of the priests and Levites in office. Except for the omission of Hattush (see Nehemiah 12:2), this list includes the same names as Nehemiah 12:1–7.
12In the days of Joiakim, these were the heads of the priestly families:
of the family of Seraiah, Meraiah; of Jeremiah, Hananiah;
13of Ezra, Meshullam; of Amariah, Jehohanan;
14of Malluchi,†Jonathan; of Shebaniah,†Joseph;
15of Harim, Adna; of Meraioth,†Helkai;
16of Iddo, Zechariah; of Ginnethon, Meshullam;
17of Abijah, Zichri; of Miniaminand of Moadiah,†Piltai;
18of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, Jonathan;
19of Joiarib, Mattenai; of Jedaiah, Uzzi;
20of Sallai,†Kallai; of Amok, Eber;
21of Hilkiah, Hashabiah; and of Jedaiah, Nethanel.
22In the days of Eliashib, Joiada, Johanan,†and Jaddua, during the reign of Dariusthe Persian, the heads of the families of the Levites and priests were recorded.
23As for the descendants of Levi, the family heads up to the days of Johanan son of Eliashib were recorded in the Book of the Chronicles.†24The leaders of the Leviteswere Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and Jeshua son of Kadmiel,†along with their associates, who stood across from them to give praise and thanksgiving as one section alternated with the other, as prescribed by David the man of God.
25Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers who guarded the storerooms at the gates. 26They served in the days of Joiakim son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak,†and in the days of Nehemiah the governor and Ezra the priest and scribe.
The Dedication of the Wall
ⓘSince few Levites had returned to live in...
Since few Levites had returned to live in Jerusalem (see Ezra 2:40–42; 8:15–19), leaders recruited all Levites throughout the land to form two impressive choirs and orchestras.
Geba and Azmaveth were in the territory of Benjamin.
ⓘThe dedication of the new wall likely occurred...
The dedication of the new wall likely occurred soon after it was finished (Nehemiah 6:15–19). This account likely came from Nehemiah’s personal writings.
27At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem, the Levites were sought out from all their homes and brought to Jerusalem to celebrate the joyous dedicationwith thanksgiving and singing, accompanied by cymbals, harps, and lyres. 28The singers were also assembled from the region around Jerusalem, from the villages of the Netophathites, 29from Beth-gilgal, and from the fields of Gebaand Azmaveth, for they had built villages for themselves around Jerusalem. 30After the priests and Leviteshad purified themselves, they purified the people, the gates, and the wall.
ⓘThe impressive march moved south along the top...
The impressive march moved south along the top of the wall to the Dung Gate at the city's southern end (Nehemiah 3:13–14). Then the procession went north on the wall along the east side of the city, past the ruins of the house of David, and up to the Water Gate (Nehemiah 3:26; 8:1) near the temple.
31Then I brought the leaders of Judah up on the wall, and I appointed two great thanksgiving choirs. One was to proceed along the top of the wall†to the right, toward the Dung Gate. 32Hoshaiah and half the leaders of Judah followed, 33along with Azariah, Ezra, Meshullam, 34Judah, Benjamin, Shemaiah, Jeremiah, 35and some of the priests with trumpets, and also Zechariah son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah,†the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph, 36and his associates—Shemaiah, Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel, Judah, and Hanani—with the musical instruments prescribed by David the man of God. Ezra the scribe led the procession. 37At the Fountain Gate they went directly up the steps of the City of David on the ascent to the wall and passed above the houseof David to the Water Gate on the east.
ⓘThe second choir went north along the western...
The second choir went north along the western wall, passing:
They continued along the northern side of the wall until they reached the Sheep Gate (Nehemiah 3:1) at the northeast corner of the temple.
The Guard Gate might be the Inspection Gate (Nehemiah 3:31).
38The second thanksgiving choir proceeded to the left, and I followed it with half the people along the top of the wall, past the Tower of the Ovens to the Broad Wall, 39over the Gate of Ephraim, the Jeshanah Gate,†the Fish Gate, the Towerof Hananel, and the Tower of the Hundred, as far as the Sheep Gate. And they stopped at the Gate of the Guard.
40The two thanksgiving choirs then stood in the houseof God, as did I, along with the half of the officials accompanying me, 41as well as the priests with their trumpets—Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, andHananiah— 42and also Maaseiah, Shemaiah, Eleazar, Uzzi, Jehohanan, Malchijah, Elam, and Ezer. Then the choirs sang out under the direction of Jezrahiah.
43On that day they offered great sacrifices, rejoicing because God had given them great joy. The women and children also rejoiced, so that the joy of Jerusalem was heard from afar.
Provisions for Temple Worship
ⓘOn the day of the wall's dedication (Nehemiah...
On the day of the wall's dedication (Nehemiah 12:44; 13:1), men were appointed to manage the tithes and gifts for the priests and Levites' needs. Their duties included collecting people's gifts for the priests and Levites (Nehemiah 10:32–39; see also Exodus 30:11–16; 38:25–26), performing services for God (probably sacrifices; see Leviticus 1–5), and overseeing the purification of unclean people. They also purified pans, knives, and clothing used in temple worship as described in Leviticus 11–15 (see also 1 Chronicles 23:28).
44And on that same day men were appointed over the rooms that housed the supplies, contributions, firstfruits, and tithes. The portions specified by the Law for the priests and Levites were gathered into these storerooms from the fields of the villages, because Judah rejoiced over the priests and Levites who were serving.
45They performed the service of their God and the service of purification, along with the singers and gatekeepers, as David and his son Solomon had prescribed. 46For long ago, in the days of Davidand Asaph, there were directors for the singers and for the songs of praise and thanksgivingto God.
47So in the days of Zerubbabel and Nehemiah, all Israel contributed the daily portions for the singers and gatekeepers. They also set aside daily portions for the Levites, and the Levitesset aside daily portions for the descendants of Aaron.
Jeshua was the high priest in Jerusalem when the people returned from captivity shortly after 538 BC (Ezra 2:2; 3:2, 8; 4:3). He continued serving in 520 BC when Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the people to complete the temple (Ezra 5:1; Haggai 1:1; Zechariah 3:1).
Commentary
Nehemiah 12:30
The dedication ceremony required the priests and Levites to be purified and ready to enter the temple area (see Exodus 19:10; Numbers 8:5–7).
This community celebration included everyone. God was the true source of their great joy because his power helped them rebuild the walls. Psalm 147 might have been written for this occasion.
Commentary
Nehemiah 12:46
David gave instructions for organizing the music at the temple (1 Chronicles 23–26). He put Asaph, along with Heman and Jeduthun, in charge of the music (1 Chronicles 25:2–5).
Commentary
Nehemiah 12:47
From the time the first people returned to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel in 538 BC (Ezra 3:1) until Nehemiah's time around 445 BC, Israelites provided food for temple workers. Most Levites lived in cities across the country. They collected a tithe and brought a tenth of it to the temple in Jerusalem to support its ministry (see Nehemiah 10:38–39).